SURGERY

In the previous years thalamectomy was the only possible surgery but with remarkable side

effects . Now in this modern era, deep brain stimulation has come up with the out standing

results. In this surgery, the specific areas in the brain are stimulated by implanting the

electrodes/pacemakers with the remote (turning) in the patients hand. Even this surgery is

supposed to be effective only for few years .Though the life style definitely improves but the

under current progression of the disease still remains as such.

STEM CELL TRANSPLANT

 It is among the latest researches undergoing clinical trial at present. This includes the

transplantation of stem cells derived from the fetus into selective area of  brain of Parkinson. 

These stem cells take the shape and function of the neighboring cells of defective/ deficient area

where these are injected. Since this procedure involved the sacrifice of a live fetus so it was

banned in most of the countries. Though now the ban has been lifted up in US and thereby

permitting the clinical trials for the mankind. 

GENE THERAPY:

In patients with Parkinson's disease, their brains get overactive after losing the normal supply of

a chemical called GABA (gamma-aminobutyric acid). A gene that codes for glutamic acid

decarboxylase (GAD) can improve the condition of people with the disease when injected into

their brains.GAD is an enzyme that catalyses production of an inhibitory neurotransmitter called

(GABA). Typically, people with Parkinson's produce too little GABA, and consequently have

overstimulation in an area of the brain called the subthalamic nucleus. This over activity in turn

puts strain on neurons that produce another neurotransmitter – dopamine – which is vital for

movement control. This helps explain some of the symptoms of Parkinson's, which include

tremors, sluggish movements, rigid muscles and impaired posture and balance.

The new treatment, gene therapy, works by inserting billions of copies of a gene into patients'BRAIN.brains that helps them produce more GABA. The patients receive an infusion of a virus

engineered to deliver a gene called glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD) into a brain centre that is

overactive in Parkinson's disease — the subthalamic nucleus. GAD encodes a neurotransmitter

called GABA, which quiets neurons in this area